Introduction As the international landscape becomes increasingly multipolar and complex, the dynamics of escalation in conflicts will also evolve. This report examines the intricate escalation ladder between Israel and Iran, highlighting how simultaneous strategies and shifting geographies influence their interactions. The ongoing rivalry between these two strategically sophisticated states exemplifies how capabilities and public rhetoric…

Executive Summary: Indian steel companies consume around 70 million metric tons of coking coal annually, and imports constitute around 90% of the country’s total requirements. Currently, India is heavily reliant on Australia to fulfill its coking coal requirement, which is increasing the overall cost of steel production. Hence, to avoid over-reliance on any single country…

1. Overview Sri Lanka’s political landscape is currently undergoing a significant transformation following the election of Anura Kumara Dissanayake, a left-leaning political figure. The elections, held on Saturday, 21 September 2024, resulted in Dissanayake securing 42.31% in the first round, while his main competitor, Sajith Premadasa, garnered 32.76%. As no candidate achieves over 50%, the…

Overview The Six-Party Talks, initiated in 2003, involve North and South Korea, Japan, China, Russia, and the United States. These negotiations aim to address the security concerns surrounding North Korea’s nuclear weapons program through peaceful means. The discussions, which have been stalled for over five years, may be on the verge of resumption amid rising…

Executive summary The U.S has been revitalising the World War II airfield in the Tinian island. While this airfield enhances the overall military posture of the U.S forces it also acts as a tool of deterrence against China. This report analyses this event and recommends the necessity of maintaining the balance of power without heightening…

Overview North Korea has resumed the deployment of the balloons across the Demilitarized zone(DMZ) into South Korea.since may 2024, North korea has launched thousands of balloons into south korea. The balloons were filled with trash and biological waste in which they contain hazardous materials including human waste and parasites which is a serious public health…